Description

Tetracaine hcl powder CAS 136-47-0 is mainly used in laboratory R&D process and chemical and pharmaceutical production process. It is a water-soluble local anesthetic with physical properties including melting point, solubility, thermal stability, photostability, density, and refractive index. These properties are related to purity, and the higher the purity, the more stable the physical properties. It is a compound with poor light stability and is easy to be photodegradation. Therefore, it is necessary to protect it from light exposure during storage. The density is 1.08 g/cm ^ 3 (25 ℃). In the liquid or gas state, this value may vary. The refractive index is 1.535 (20 ℃). Like the melting point, the refractive index is related to its purity, and high-purity It has a higher refractive index. Various chemical reactions such as carboxylation, alkylation, oxidation, chlorination, and reduction can be carried out in solution. The laboratory has accurately determined his chemical information, and the results are as follow:

Chemical Formula:
C15H25ClN2O2
Exact Mass
35.98
Molecular Weight
36.46
m/z
204 (100.0%), 205 (11.9%), 206 (4.5%)
Elemental Analysis
C, 64.67; H, 5.92; N, 13.71; S, 15.69.

Other information of chemical compound:
Morphological
Solid or Viscous Liquid
refractive index
1.5200 ( estimate )
Melting point
149 °C
Boiling point
403.5 °C
Density
1.1279 ( rough estimate)
Storage conditions
2-8 °C
solubility alcohol
solublesoluble 40 parts of solvent
Acidity coefficient ( pKa )
8.39 ( at 25 °C )
Soluble in water
50mg / ml.

Manniche reaction:
Tetracaine hcl powder is a commonly used local anesthetic with a structure of tetrahydronaphthalene dimethylaminoacetate (Figure 1). Mannich reaction is an alkylation reaction, which is achieved by adding MeCHNH2 and HCHO or their derivatives, and carrying out carbonyl nucleophilic addition reaction reaction between aromatic amine ketones or amine and formaldehyde derivatives and bases. Mannich reaction has the advantages of simple reaction conditions, high yield, and easy availability of reactants, making it widely used in the preparation of bioactive molecules, drugs, and heterocyclic compounds. This article mainly introduces the Mannich reaction synthesis method and detailed steps of product.

Dicaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic commonly used in surgery and medical procedures. The Mannich reaction is one of the classic methods for synthesizing tetracaine hydrochloride. The following will provide a detailed introduction to the Mannich reaction synthesis method and steps of product:

Preparation of reactants:

Methyl nitrophenylacetate (PNBM): Used as the starting material for the Mannich reaction. PNBM can be obtained by reacting p-nitrophenylacetic acid with methanol.

Methylacrolein: Used as another raw material for Mannich reaction, it can be obtained by reacting formaldehyde and propylene alcohol under alkaline conditions.

2. Mannich reaction steps:
Step 1: Synthesis of Nitrosoester (Diazoester)
-Dissolve methyl p-nitro phenylacetate (PNBM) in a dry ether solvent, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or ether.
-Add silver nitrite solution (AgNO2) dropwise to the solution as a nitroso source.
-Stir the reaction under low temperature conditions (usually from 0 ° C to 5 ° C) for a period of time to fully form the nitrite ester.

-Step 2: Mannich reaction
-Dissolve methacrolein in a solvent under alkaline conditions, such as sodium carbonate aqueous solution.
-Slowly add the nitroso ester solution obtained in Step 1 to the alkaline solution of methylacrolein.
-At room temperature, stir the reaction for a period of time, usually a few hours to overnight, until the reaction is complete.

-Step 3: Crystallization separation and purification
-After the reaction is completed, the intermediate product is treated under acidic conditions (such as hydrochloric acid) to generate product.
-Crystallize the product and separate it through filtration or other separation techniques.
-Wash and dry the separated product to obtain a high-purity product.

3. Reaction mechanism:
-Step 1: Synthesis of Nitroso Esters
-Methyl nitrophenylacetate reacts with silver nitrite to form nitrite ester.
-This is an electrophilic substitution reaction, in which the nitrite ions in silver attack the carbonyl carbon in methyl p-nitrophenylacetate, forming nitrite esters

-Step 2: Mannich reaction
-Nitrosote reacts with methylacrolein to undergo Mannich cyclization reaction.
-Under alkaline conditions, the nitroso ions in nitroso esters form temporary carbon nitrogen double bonds with the carbonyl carbon in methylacrolein, and then cyclize to form a tetracyclic compound.

The Mannich reaction synthesis method of product involves reacting 2- (dimethylamine) ethylamine with formaldehyde in the presence of tert butyrate or isopropyl ether to obtain the intermediate product. Then, it undergoes hydrochloric acid reaction with sodium toluenesulfonate to obtain the target product. This method has the advantages of simple reaction conditions and high yield, and can provide an important synthesis pathway for the preparation of Tetracaine hydrochloride.

Tetracaine hcl powder is an organic synthetic intermediate and pharmaceutical intermediate, which is mainly used in laboratory research and development process and chemical and pharmaceutical production process.

Photochemical reaction:
Tetracaine Hydrochloride is susceptible to the influence of light, and ultraviolet and blue purple light are particularly prone to its decomposition. The products of photochemical reactions can affect the efficacy of Tetracaine Hydrochloride. Tetracaine chloride, is a local anesthetic. Photochemical reaction refers to the excitation of photons by molecules in a solution or solid, triggering a chemical reaction. In the photochemical reaction of Tetracaine Hydrochloride molecules, after being excited by photons, spontaneous fracture reactions occur and harmful chemicals are released.

The photochemical reaction of Tetracaine Hydrochloride mainly consists of two parts:
Electron excitation and ultrafast chemical reaction.
Electronic excitation refers to the generation of excited state electrons after molecules absorb photons. The energy absorption of photons by molecules can increase the energy levels of electrons, making them more energetic and chemically reactive. After molecules absorb photons, processes such as spin flipping, resonance energy transfer, and electron transfer can occur, promoting electron excitation and chemical reactions. However, these excited state electrons are prone to fragmentation reaction, producing harmful ions and free radicals, causing serious cell damage.

Ultrafast chemical reaction:
Ultrafast chemical reaction refers to the chemical reaction of excited state molecules in a very short time. Tetracaine hydrochloride molecules may undergo similar ultrafast chemical reactions, such as electron transfer, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, etc., after photoexcitation. These reactions can produce harmful substances and cause serious damage to cells. In addition, photochemical reactions may also trigger a series of other reactions, such as redox reactions, free radical chain reactions, etc.

In summary, in the photochemical reaction of tetracaine hcl powder molecules, the molecules excited by photons will undergo spontaneous fracture reactions and release harmful chemicals. These reactions have serious impacts on organisms, including cell damage, organ toxicity, etc. Therefore, when using Tetracaine Hydrochloride, it is necessary to avoid its exposure to light in order to reduce the occurrence of these reactions.

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