Description

Levamisole hydrochloride powder is white or gray white or light-yellow acicular crystal or crystalline powder, odorless and bitter free. Solubility: 1:2 in water, 1:5 in methanol, insoluble in ether. It is easy to decompose and deteriorate in alkaline solution. It is a selective inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase in worm muscle. It has good curative effect on Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, pinworm and fecal roundworm. According to the research results, it may inhibit the microtubule structure of worm body. In addition, there are immune regulation and immune excitation functions. Synthetic levamisole hydrochloride. Relevant laboratories have disclosed a preparation method of levamisole hydrochloride, an anthelmintic drug. The method is to dissolve the raw material l-tetramisole in acetone, add sodium selenite, decolorize and filter with activated carbon, stir and inject dry hydrogen chloride gas until the pH value is 35, and then separate and purify after the reaction, The finished product of levamisole hydrochloride can be obtained. The product prepared by this method has the advantages of high quality, no caking, less impurities and no macula in the storage process, which ensures the quality of levodoxazole hydrochloride. At the same time, the invention has high yield, friendly environment and good industrial application prospect. This method can be used for mass production in industrial application.

PH and Solubility:

Levamisole hydrochloride powder is an organic compound with a relatively stable pH, and its aqueous solution is weakly acidic. When reacted with hydrochloric acid, Levamisole Hydrochloride forms a more hydrophilic hydrochloride form.

Because the molecular structure of Levamisole Hydrochloride has a certain polarity, it can have better solubility with water and some other hydrophilic solvents. At room temperature, the water solubility of Levamisole Hydrochloride is 5.47 g/100 mL, the solubility will increase under acidic conditions, and the solubility will decrease under alkaline conditions.

Redox:

Levamisole Hydrochloride has certain redox properties, and it can participate in a series of oxidation and reduction reactions. Levamisole Hydrochloride will naturally oxidize when exposed to air or contact with oxygen, and it will react with some oxidants (such as peroxide, potassium permanganate, etc.) to release electrons and generate oxidation products.

chemical reaction:

Levamisole Hydrochloride can react with some functional groups, such as esterification, substitution and addition reactions. Under certain conditions, it can be oxidized to the corresponding compound in a controlled manner. At the same time, Levamisole Hydrochloride can also form complexes with some metal ions.

CF

C11H12N2S

EM

204

MW

204

m/z

204 (100.0%), 205 (11.9%), 206 (4.5%)

EA

C, 64.67; H, 5.92; N, 13.71; S, 15.69.

Levamisole hydrochloride, as an organic compound, has important applications in both chemical and pharmaceutical fields.

1. Basic concepts of optical properties

Optical properties typically involve the properties of the interaction between matter and light, including absorption, reflection, refraction, scattering, and optical rotation of light. For organic compounds such as levamisole hydrochloride, their optical properties are mainly reflected in two aspects: optical rotation and refractive index.

2. Optical rotation

Optical rotation is a property unique to certain chiral molecules (i.e. molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms) that can cause the vibrational surface of plane polarized light passing through their solution to rotate. As the left-handed form of tetraimidazole, it naturally possesses optical rotation. Specifically, its specific optical rotation is an important parameter for measuring its optical rotation ability. According to the data, the specific rotation angle under certain conditions (such as c=5, H2O) is -128 º, indicating that it can rotate the vibration direction of plane polarized light to the left. This property not only helps to identify the purity of levamisole hydrochloride, but also is one of its important characteristics as a chiral drug.

3. Refractive index

Refractive index is a measure of the speed at which a substance propagates light, reflecting the changes in speed of light as it propagates through a medium. For this substance, although its refractive index is not as significant as its optical rotation, it is still an important aspect of its optical properties. The specific value of refractive index is influenced by various factors, including temperature, solvent type, and solution concentration. Under specific conditions (such as C=1, H2O), the refractive index can be measured as a specific value, which is of great significance for understanding its behavior in solution and its interactions with other substances.

4. Application of Optical Characteristics

Optical properties have a wide range of applications in practical settings. Firstly, in drug analysis, by measuring optical parameters such as optical rotation and refractive index, the purity and quality of the drug can be quickly and accurately identified. This is crucial for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Secondly, in the process of chemical synthesis and drug development, understanding the optical properties of levamisole hydrochloride can help optimize reaction conditions, improve synthesis efficiency, and reduce the generation of by-products. In addition, with the continuous development of optical technology, optical properties may also show new application prospects in fields such as biosensing and optical imaging.

5. Factors affecting optical properties

The optical properties of Levamisole hydrochloride powder are influenced by various factors. Firstly, temperature is one of the important factors affecting its optical properties. As the temperature increases or decreases, parameters such as optical rotation and refractive index may change. Secondly, the type of solvent and solution concentration can also affect its optical properties. Under different solvent and concentration conditions, optical behavior may vary. Therefore, when conducting relevant experiments and measurements, it is necessary to strictly control the experimental conditions to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results.

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Addition information of chemical compound: Melting point 266-267 °C (lit.), Specific rotation -128 º (C=5, H2O), Refractive index -126 °C(C=1, H2O), Flash point 9 ℃, Storage conditions 2-8 °C, Solubility: freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 percent), slightly soluble in methyl chloride, Morphology crystal powder, Color white to almost white, Water solubility 210 g/L(20 ºC).

Levamisole hydrochloride tablet is an immune enhancer. It is a prescription with good curative effect on Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm and fecal Ascaris. It is suitable for group therapy. The activity against bancrofti filariasis, Malay filariasis, discus filariasis adults and microfilariae was higher than that of ethazine, but the long-term effect was poor. In chemistry, it has other names called levamisole hydrochloride, and the proportion of its different products is also different. In the laboratory,levamisole 150, levamisole 30 and levamisole 50 are the most common specifications. In addition, children with weakened immune function, by taking levamisole hcl powder, can increase the content of total complement in the blood, especially increase the output of IgG and IgA, so as to improve the immune effect of respiratory tract membrane, play a role in virus resistance and bacterial infection. Levamisole hcl can not only regulate immunity, but also restore immunity. For abnormal humoral immunity, levamisole can show bidirectional regulation, making it tend to normal development, and helping low cellular immune function to restore normal.

As an organic compound, levamisole hydrochloride has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical field, and its pharmaceutical properties are the basis for understanding its pharmacological effects, safety, and clinical applications. The following is a detailed exploration of the pharmaceutical properties of levamisole hydrochloride.

1. Chemical properties

The chemical formula is C11H13ClN2S, with a molecular weight of approximately 240.75. It usually exists in the form of white to almost white crystalline powder, which is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and slightly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform. These properties make levamisole hydrochloride have good solubility and bioavailability in formulation preparation and drug delivery.

2. Pharmacological effects

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(1) Insect repellent effect:

It is a broad-spectrum insecticide mainly used to treat parasitic infections such as roundworms and hookworms in animals and humans. It inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in the muscle of the parasite, affecting its anaerobic metabolism and reducing energy production, resulting in paralysis of the parasite and excretion with feces.

(2) Immune regulatory function:

In addition to its deworming effect, it also has immune regulatory and immune excitatory functions. It mainly acts on T lymphocytes, inducing their early differentiation, maturation, and transformation into functional T cells, thereby enhancing the body’s immune function.

(3) Improving immune function

It can also enhance the phagocytosis and chemotaxis of macrophages, increase the activity of natural killer cells, and produce endogenous interferons, which helps to improve the body’s immune function.

3. Pharmacokinetics

It is rapidly absorbed in the body and mainly enters the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely distributed and can act on parasites in various parts of the body. After metabolism in the liver, it is mainly excreted through urine. The study of pharmacokinetics helps to understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes of Levamisole hydrochloride powder in the body, providing a basis for rational drug use.

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